Dubuque County, Iowa, is in the process of developing a specific zoning ordinance to regulate or potentially restrict data center developments. County leaders, assisted by County Attorney Scott Nelson and drawing on examples from other areas, are advancing this work through public engagement and careful study of potential impacts.

Context and Initial Steps

Interest in possible data center projects, including inquiries from a Florida-based company about water and sewer connections near Dubuque Regional Airport, prompted county action in 2026. A proposed facility could need large volumes of water—for example, millions of gallons initially for cooling systems. Although no formal applications have been filed, county officials moved to address regulatory gaps.

In May 2026, the Dubuque County Planning and Zoning Commission began reviewing data center rules from other Iowa counties. Planning and Development Director Ed Raber described the discussions as an early information-sharing step, with plans for future public input through town halls.

Moratorium Approved

On May 26, 2026, the Dubuque County Board of Supervisors voted 2-1 to enact a 12-month moratorium on new data center proposals. The measure stops processing of related zoning amendments, site plans, building permits, and conditional use permits for construction or expansion of such facilities. It does not affect smaller telecom or local IT infrastructure.

The moratorium gives staff time to research effects on power supply, water resources, land use, noise, and other environmental factors. The Zoning Commission had recommended the pause unanimously. Supervisor Ann McDonough pushed for the full year, citing concerns about large-scale projects.

County Attorney Scott Nelson later noted potential weaknesses in the moratorium’s wording, such as lacking a precise definition of data centers or a clear end date. He advised that a stronger, more detailed framework—like guidelines prepared by Zoning Commission member Samantha Boyes—would offer better legal protection. Supervisors agreed to use those recommendations to guide ordinance development.

Developing the Zoning Ordinance

Work on the permanent ordinance is underway with regular supervisor work sessions and planned public meetings. Goals include releasing a draft within about four months and completing the process with additional hearings over roughly ten months. Key topics include defining data centers, setting performance standards for energy use, water consumption, noise levels, setbacks, buffering, emissions, and suitable zoning districts.

Residents have voiced strong opinions at early meetings, highlighting worries about impacts on water quality, property values, utilities, airport operations, and overall community character. Hundreds attended sessions in places like Peosta, with many calling for robust protections that could effectively limit or exclude major hyperscale facilities.

Supervisor Wayne Kenniker emphasized the need for a practical ordinance, while McDonough indicated the final rules might conclude that certain large data centers are not compatible with the county. The process involves examining approaches taken in other communities facing similar proposals.

The County Attorney continues to provide legal input to help ensure the ordinance is clear and enforceable. County staff are also reviewing models from elsewhere to inform local rules, as Dubuque County’s current zoning code does not specifically address data centers.

The City of Dubuque is conducting its own parallel effort for municipal areas, gathering public feedback through surveys and meetings in July 2026 and working with city attorneys on utility and zoning standards.

Why This Matters

Data centers support digital infrastructure but can require significant electricity, water for cooling, and large sites. Local governments across Iowa and the U.S. have responded with regulations tailored to local conditions—some allowing them under strict controls, others using moratoriums or limits to protect resources and neighborhoods.

In Dubuque County, the focus remains on balancing potential development against preservation of infrastructure capacity, environment, and quality of life. The moratorium remains active as of mid-July 2026 while ordinance drafting continues. Public participation is encouraged through upcoming meetings.

This ongoing effort demonstrates how counties can use zoning tools, legal guidance, and community input to manage emerging land-use challenges proactively. Updates will be available via county channels as the process advances.